Over
the last few decades scientists from around the world have been making
discoveries which clearly show that an intelligent designer is responsible
for the creation of the universe.
Many believe that the entire universe came into existence out of nothing by chance. But if you really think about it, nothing couldn’t bring the universe into existence, because nothing produces nothing.
Everything that begins to exist must have a cause. But many believe that to get a solar system like ours, with a planet suitable for life (like Earth), wouldn’t be that difficult. However, many scientists disagree, and have brought forth overwhelming evidence to support their position. For example, there are many forces in the universe that are precisely balanced that do things such as pull matter together.
Without these forces, galaxies, planets, and stars would have never been able to form. Many stars have been observed to expand and contract significantly. They go from very bright to very dim even on a yearly basis.
Fortunately for us, however, our star, the sun has an amazing stability. It does not expand and contract significantly like many other stars. If our sun did expand and contract like these other stars, it would be catastrophic to life on Earth.
Some stars will actually explode violently into a supernova. The debris from these explosions are called supernova remnants.
According to many evolutionists, this debris should be visible with telescopes for millions of years. According to scientific research,
galaxies
similar to our galaxy experience a supernova on average about every 26 years. Therefore,
if we know approximately how frequently they occur in galaxies similar to ours,
the total number of supernova remnants we have in our galaxy should give us an
idea of our galaxy’s age.
In looking for supernova remnants (เศษซูเปอร์โนวา) in our own Milky Way Galaxy, astronomers have discovered a total of only about 250. So, if a supernova occurs approximately every 26 years, as we see from these other galaxies, a total of 250 supernova remnants would indicate an age of around 6,500 years for our galaxy. That’s almost identical to the Bible’s indication of how long our world has existed. Such a small number of supernova remnants(เศษซูเปอร์โนวา)
In looking for supernova remnants (เศษซูเปอร์โนวา) in our own Milky Way Galaxy, astronomers have discovered a total of only about 250. So, if a supernova occurs approximately every 26 years, as we see from these other galaxies, a total of 250 supernova remnants would indicate an age of around 6,500 years for our galaxy. That’s almost identical to the Bible’s indication of how long our world has existed. Such a small number of supernova remnants(เศษซูเปอร์โนวา)
points
to an extremely young galaxy, definitely not billions or millions of years old,
but rather thousands of years old. To put it another way, if evolutionists were
correct about the age of the Earth, we would see tens of thousands of supernova
remnants in our galaxy, not about 250.In order for us to exist on Earth, our
sun had to be a star with just the right mass and temperature – not too hot or
too cold. Our sun generates a perfect amount of energy for life on Earth. The
sun releases more energy in one second than mankind has produced in all of
human history. If we were to experience a drop in the sun’s energy by only a
few percent, all the oceans would freeze. The Earth is the correct distance
from the sun. If the Earth were slightly closer to the sun or farther away, it
would be too hot or too cold for life to exist. The size of Earth is also
right, not too big and not too small. We also fortunately have the right sized
moon, primarily responsible for regulating the tides on Earth. These are just a
few examples (from a long list of factors) that need to be just right, on both
the cosmic level and Earth’s local level, in order to have a planet that could support
life. In many cases, if you even slightly altered these precisely balanced
factors, life would be impossible on Earth. On Earth many different forms of
life are completely dependent upon each other. Examples are insects and plants
such as bees and pollen-bearing plants. If either the plants or bees evolved
before the other, they would have not survived. Therefore, they must have come
into existence at the same time. The Earth’s ocean basins and atmosphere have
just the right mixture and balance of gases. If these gases were changed in any
way, animal life and vegetation on Earth would die. Evolutionists have no
explanation for why the Earth (unlike other planets) has such an incredible
amount of water. We also have a planet that is rich in oxygen. If our current
21% oxygen level were just a few percent higher our atmosphere could become
completely unstable and explosive.
Earth
has a magnetic field – without this field, the solar wind would blow our
atmosphere away. Earth’s atmosphere blocks harmful sunlight, while at the same
time it allows sunlight that is useful for life. Plants require large amounts
of sunlight to exist,
and
a human being’s richest source (by far) for Vitamin D is sunlight. When
sunlight hits the skin, Vitamin D is produced by the body. A lack of vitamin D
has been directly linked to many health problems. The Earth’s atmosphere also
happens to be transparent. This conveniently allows us to view other planets,
stars, and things like eclipses. A total solar eclipse is only possible because
the sun is 400 times larger than the moon and is about four hundred times
farther away from Earth. The result is that, during a total solar eclipse, from
Earth, the sun and the moon appear to be the same size, creating a perfect
match. And it is only because of these total solar eclipses that we have been
able to make scientific discoveries that otherwise could have never been made.
Evolutionists believe that the sun, Earth, and moon formed when our solar system came
Evolutionists believe that the sun, Earth, and moon formed when our solar system came
into
existence about 4.5 billion years ago. But the moon is moving farther away from
the Earth each year. So, if the moon were too far away or too close to the
Earth at the time humans existed, observers on Earth would never see the event
of a total solar eclipse. Thus, according to evolutionists, the incredible
total solar eclipse spectacle could only be seen in a tiny window of time in
the solar system’s existence. Isn’t it interesting that humanity happens to
exist on Earth during the very period of time when we could witness the event
of a total solar eclipse? Another major problem for evolutionists is that the
moon would have been extremely close to the Earth in the past. In fact, the
moon would have gotten so close that it would have hit the Earth in far less
time than 4.5 billion years ago. Evolutionists claim that our solar system
emerged from a cloud of swirling dust. Therefore, the composition of the
various planets and their temperature should be similar to one another, but
they are not. Those who adhere to the big bang theory actually believe that all
matter in the universe was originally concentrated in something much smaller
than a pinhead. Then it exploded, expanded and the ordered system of things we
see today came out. However, there are big problems with the big bang theory. First,
if you concentrated all the mass in the universe in that much smaller than a
pinhead starting point, there would be so much gravity there - that nothing
would be able to escape it. Second, explosions don’t produce order, they
destroy order. So it would be impossible to have an almost endless number of
ordered things emerge from an explosion. Also, if a big bang exploded
everything, the planets and moons would be spinning in the same direction based
upon a law called the conservation of angular momentum. But we have moons and
planets spinning both forward and backward. Comets are also estimated by
evolutionists to be billions of years old. Comets frequently collide with
planets and the sun. Comets are called dirty snowballs, because a significant
part of a comet is made up of ice. When comets travel in space and move closer
to the sun, they begin to lose mass as they are burned up by the sun.
Therefore, comets could only last maybe 10,000 years before all of them would
be burned up. Interestingly, other things that could only last around 10,000
years are soft tissue, blood cells and DNA. Yet all these things were recently
found in dinosaur bones. This shows that dinosaurs existed thousands of years
ago, not 65 million years ago as evolutionists claim. Another huge problem for
evolutionists is the Earth’s current human population number of 7.3 billion. How
long would it take to go from 2 humans to 7.3 billion humans? It actually
wouldn’t take that long. In recent history, the yearly growth rate average hit
its highest mark in 1963,with a growth rate of 2.19 percent. The world
population is currently growing at around 1.14 percent per year. But if we
started with two humans, how long would it take to reach our current 7.3
billion
humans using say, a 2% yearly growth rate?
The answer is that it would only take about 1,100 years. Since
evolutionists believe that we have been on Earth significantly longer than
1,100 years – why don’t we have a dramatically higher number of people on
Earth? Also, where are all the bones or graves considering that almost all
people throughout history have buried the dead?
Some may still try to convince themselves that getting an incredibly special planet like Earth was just an accident in which everything occurred in exactly the right way.
But even if someone believed this – how would life begin on Earth when it is a fact that life can’t come from non-life? All living things on Earth are made up of cells, so what are the chances that even a first cell could have accidentally formed?
About 150 years ago, when Charles Darwin was alive, the cell was considered to be something like a simple, unsophisticated, microscopic blob of Jell-O. As a result of recent discoveries, however, we now know just how amazingly complex these extraordinarily small cells are. The adult human body contains 100 trillion cells of various sizes.10,000 average sized human cells could fit on the head of a pin and every single cell contains information equivalent to about 4,000 books. The information for all the cells in one adult in book form would completely fill the Grand Canyon more than 75 times. The cell is similar to a supercomputer, but microscopic in size. The cell could also be viewed as an amazingly miniature city, with an elaborate network of connected assembly lines, with numerous molecular protein machines carrying out different tasks which make the cell work. For example, in the cell there are little molecular trucks that travel over microscopic highway-like structures carrying materials around the cell.
One example of a molecular machine in the cell is the flagellar motor that some bacteria use to swim. It is a molecular rotary motor that has a whip like tail that can operate at up to 100,000 revolutions per minute. This is a picture of the flagellar motor magnified more than 50,000 times. It is 1/100,000th of an inch long Eight million of these tiny motors would fit inside the cross section of a human hair. You can see the details of its construction. It is made up of 30 different protein parts. It looks like it was designed by an engineer.
The flagellar motor is extremely similar to an electric motor. Rotating forward and backward, the flagellar motor drives a bacterium through extremely sticky liquid conditions. As a result of the flagellar motor, a bacterium’s top swimming speed
Some may still try to convince themselves that getting an incredibly special planet like Earth was just an accident in which everything occurred in exactly the right way.
But even if someone believed this – how would life begin on Earth when it is a fact that life can’t come from non-life? All living things on Earth are made up of cells, so what are the chances that even a first cell could have accidentally formed?
About 150 years ago, when Charles Darwin was alive, the cell was considered to be something like a simple, unsophisticated, microscopic blob of Jell-O. As a result of recent discoveries, however, we now know just how amazingly complex these extraordinarily small cells are. The adult human body contains 100 trillion cells of various sizes.10,000 average sized human cells could fit on the head of a pin and every single cell contains information equivalent to about 4,000 books. The information for all the cells in one adult in book form would completely fill the Grand Canyon more than 75 times. The cell is similar to a supercomputer, but microscopic in size. The cell could also be viewed as an amazingly miniature city, with an elaborate network of connected assembly lines, with numerous molecular protein machines carrying out different tasks which make the cell work. For example, in the cell there are little molecular trucks that travel over microscopic highway-like structures carrying materials around the cell.
One example of a molecular machine in the cell is the flagellar motor that some bacteria use to swim. It is a molecular rotary motor that has a whip like tail that can operate at up to 100,000 revolutions per minute. This is a picture of the flagellar motor magnified more than 50,000 times. It is 1/100,000th of an inch long Eight million of these tiny motors would fit inside the cross section of a human hair. You can see the details of its construction. It is made up of 30 different protein parts. It looks like it was designed by an engineer.
The flagellar motor is extremely similar to an electric motor. Rotating forward and backward, the flagellar motor drives a bacterium through extremely sticky liquid conditions. As a result of the flagellar motor, a bacterium’s top swimming speed
is estimated to be the same as a human swimming at 60
miles per hour. If that doesn’t sound impressive to you, consider that the
fastest swimming speed of a human ever recorded was about 5 ½ miles per hour. Thus,
the bacterium using the flagellar motor can move about 11 times faster than the
fastest human swimmer ever recorded. All 30 distinct parts of the flagellar
motor are essential So, if you remove one of
the parts, it will not work at all, and the bacterium will die. The flagellar
motor is similar to a mouse trap. For a mouse trap to work, you need all the
different parts,and if you remove one of the parts of the trap, the trap won’t
work at all. The construction process of the flagellar
motor requires all 30 different interacting parts
to be assembled correctly, and placed at the proper locations at the proper
time. The construction process also requires
instructions, translation, and feedback within the cell, at
both the beginning and end of the process. If all this does not happen, these
amazingly tiny machines, or their various individual
parts, will not be built or assembled correctly. But
how would these numerous microscopic machines or parts know where to go and
how to build things correctly in an evolutionary system? They wouldn’t. It
would be impossible. These facts refute and eliminate Darwinian evolution,
which is, by definition, a “blind”, “undirected” process, “without either plan
or purpose”. Cells are mostly made up of proteins. A
typical cell uses thousands of different kinds of proteins. To
get even the simplest cell would take at least 600 different protein molecules.
Proteins are made of amino acids. A single functioning protein is typically
made from a chain of between 50 to 1,000 amino acids.
Some proteins require a chain of thousands of properly sequenced amino
acids. Every time a new amino acid is joined to a chain it must form
a chemical bond called a peptide bond in order to successfully join with the
other amino acids in the chain. Left handed and right
handed amino acids are produced with about the same frequency, but
only left handed amino acids can be selected for use in a chain to make a
protein. Evolutionists do not have any idea why proteins only use left-handed
amino acids. Every amino acid in the long chain also has to be a specific amino
(there are 20 different types that can be
selected) and they need to be placed in the correct
order in the chain in order to form a protein. The
amino acids are placed in the exact right order because of a molecule in the
cell called DNA. DNA could be described as a
master blueprint, information code or special language that uses
a four letter chemical alphabet. The chemical letters, or code in DNA, are the set
of instructions for the cell’s machines on how to correctly assemble amino
acids in chains to build proteins. If the DNA is not
present from the very beginning, the amino acids will not be correctly
selected and placed in the proper order.
As a result, a protein will never form, and the cell will not survive. DNA can’t function without at least 75 preexisting proteins, but proteins are produced only by DNA. Since each needs the other, they must have come into existence at the exact same time by God. This fact eliminates evolution. A DNA fiber is only about two millionths of a millimeter thick. While DNA is not thick and is incredibly small, it is extremely long when uncoiled. In fact, if the DNA in just one of your cells were uncoiled, connected and stretched out, it would be over 7 feet long. It would be so thin that its details could not be seen, even under an electron microscope. If all the DNA in your body were placed end-to-end, it would stretch from here to the Moon more than 500,000 times If you took a set of DNA from every person who ever lived and placed it in a pile, it would weigh less than an aspirin. Yet, the information storage density of DNA is many times greater than the most advanced silicon computer chip.
As a result, a protein will never form, and the cell will not survive. DNA can’t function without at least 75 preexisting proteins, but proteins are produced only by DNA. Since each needs the other, they must have come into existence at the exact same time by God. This fact eliminates evolution. A DNA fiber is only about two millionths of a millimeter thick. While DNA is not thick and is incredibly small, it is extremely long when uncoiled. In fact, if the DNA in just one of your cells were uncoiled, connected and stretched out, it would be over 7 feet long. It would be so thin that its details could not be seen, even under an electron microscope. If all the DNA in your body were placed end-to-end, it would stretch from here to the Moon more than 500,000 times If you took a set of DNA from every person who ever lived and placed it in a pile, it would weigh less than an aspirin. Yet, the information storage density of DNA is many times greater than the most advanced silicon computer chip.
Bill
Gates described DNA saying: “DNA is like a computer program but far, far more advanced
than any software ever created.” But having the complex DNA instruction program
is not enough by itself. Other things in the cell must be able to understand
and use DNA’s information program. In other words, the highly complex DNA
program is actually worthless unless you also have a system inside the cell
that can understand the DNA language. To understand this better, imagine that DNA
is a complex CD or DVD disc. But if you don’t also have a machine or system
that can read, understand, and utilize the information on the disc, the disc is
worthless.
Therefore,
other things in the cell need to understand, and be able to use the DNA information
program in order to build things correctly. If not, the cell will die. DNA is
able to make an identical copy of itself. God also programmed DNA to detect and
correct errors. There are special proofreading protein machines that constantly
travel up and down the DNA molecule looking for any errors requiring
correction. If any problems are detected, repairs are made immediately. This
whole process is incredibly complex. The information contained in DNA proves
that life doesn’t just consist of matter and energy. It also contains
information. Information can only come from an intelligent source that put the
information there. Another function of DNA is that it is the program that God
uses to build what you look like, your hair color, your height, etc. As
mentioned earlier, each adult human body has about 100 trillion cells; but at
your conception you were only one cell. Incredibly, you began your existence no
larger than the head of a pin. Yet, all the complex information that physically
defined you and every organ in your body was there, contained in that one cell.
Within one month of your conception, your eyes, ears, and lungs developed. Billions
of new cells formed, and your size increased by over 10,000 times. Shortly
after the first month, the speed at which you were rapidly growing slowed down
dramatically. If it didn’t slow down and your speed of growth stayed the same, you
would have weighed 3,000 pounds at birth. After two months, you were only three
to four centimeters long, still small enough to fit inside a walnut shell. There
is no evolutionary explanation for the incredible complexity involved in conception
and birth, or even a reason for reproduction itself. Evolutionists believe the
amazingly complex, radically different, yet complementary reproductive systems for
all the different kinds of life happened to develop by chance, completely and
independently at the same time. Just a slight incompatibly in one of the two
systems would make both reproductive systems useless, and life would become
extinct. Also, how would reproduction have happened in the beginning if there
only had been a male and not a female? How would reproduction occur without
reproductive systems or organs before they “evolved”? According to
evolutionists humans evolved from land creatures which evolved from fish. But
how would the first fish make it onto land and survive out of the water? How
did the animals and human beings survive without having organs, limbs, and
other things critical to life as these things were “evolving”? Also, not one transitional
fossil has ever been discovered that shows one kind of animal evolving into
another kind of animal. And the so-called “missing link fossils” which some use
to argue that apes evolved into human beings, have all been shown to be fully
ape, fully human or fake. Evolutionists also have no explanation for
consciousness or for the origin of the immune system. For example, white blood
cells attack bad bacteria in our body. White blood cells will actually search
out and chase down bad bacteria on seek and destroy missions. In order to do
this, they must have the programmed information that enables them to tell the
difference between friend and foe. Unless all of this was in place and working
from the beginning of life, a requirement that rules out evolution, bacteria
and other agents of disease would have won, and we would not have survived. Evolutionists
have no explanation for the extremely complex, yet perfect precision in which the
body clots blood. Disaster can happen if blood doesn’t clot at the proper time or
in the proper place. If blood were to start clotting in the wrong place – for
example in your lung or in your brain – you could die. If blood began to clot
too long after too much blood had drained, or didn’t cover the entire cut, you
could die. If the blood-clotting isn’t restricted to the cut area alone, your
entire blood system could solidify. Evolution has no explanation for blood-clotting;
for
how would your body automatically know when and where to start the blood
clotting process unless there is intelligent internal information to guide it. And
speaking of blood, what came first: blood, or the heart that pumps blood? Did
skin evolve before blood? If so, how did it survive? The truth is that all of
these things had to be completely developed and present together from the
beginning in order for humanity to survive. The three pound human brain is the
most complex and orderly arrangement of matter in the universe. The adult human
brain contains 10 to the 14th power (that’s
a hundred thousand billion) electrical connections. That’s more than all the
electrical connections in all the electrical appliances in the world. On the
back of your eyeball is the retina. It is less than one square inch. Yet that
one square inch contains over one-hundred thirty-seven million light sensitive
cells, all of which are wired to the brain. The human eye can heal itself and
is self-cleaning; the eye also has automatic focusing enabling a person to
distinguish millions of colors. If your eye were off even by a slight degree,
you would see double. These facts are just some of the evidence that proves we
were created by God. And we find clear evidence of God’s creative power and
intelligence not only in the design of man, but also in the incredible
complexity of animals and insects. This is covered in detail in the video
series: Incredible Creatures That Defy Evolution. Some believe that the
complexity of life and the universe can be explained by the possibility that an
alien race created it. But do you really believe that aliens have the power to
create the Earth or how about something the size of the sun? Over 1 million
Earths could fit inside the sun. The sun is also very hot. So, how would aliens
go about putting the sun together and constructing it How would they get close
enough to the sun when building it, or move away from it quickly enough without
dying after starting it up? The conditions outside Earth in outer space are,
according to the evidence, too hostile for life to exist. For example,
prolonged exposure to the cosmic rays in outer space can be fatal. Just the
temperature extremes in outer space would make almost any form of life either
too incredibly hot or too cold. There are also poisonous gases, deadly
radiation,
gigantic explosions, extreme gravitational
forces, and the lack of proper atmospheres and chemical elements for life to
exist. Yet, a large number of astronomers believe that life evolved on Earth,
and therefore (according to them) it must have also evolved on other planets in
space. However, if this were true, many alien races on other planets, much
older than our own, should exist. Some of them would be far more
technologically advanced than we are. As a result, they would have sent a radio
signal through space that we could pick up or they would have reached us with
their aircraft or robots. But we have never found any alien robots, any aliens,
any alien aircraft, or any pieces of their aircraft. Here are some of the
reported flying characteristics of UFOs. While in flight, UFOs will frequently
change size, color or shape. Multiple UFOs will merge into one UFO, and one UFO
will instantly change into many UFOs. Many UFO witnesses have described these
instant changes to the size and shape of UFOs by saying that the UFOs seemed as
if they were alive. UFOs sometimes show up on photographs, but other times they
do not. Most witnesses of UFOs do not report seeing an object or craft, but an
unusual light moving around in the sky. Sometimes UFOs instantly appear and
disappear right in front of people and will also pass right through the ground
or physical objects. This type of behavior means that UFOs could not be from
the material world, but would have to be some kind of spiritual phenomenon. Based
on the observed activity of UFOs, many of the world’s top UFO researchers no
longer believe that UFOs can be from the material world. Also, most of the
so-called UFO abductees can only “remember” their “experiences” after being put
under hypnosis, proving that their so called experiences with aliens were not
real. These issues are covered in much more detail in my book UFOs: Demonic
Activity and Elaborate Hoaxes Meant to Deceive Mankind. If ETs really existed,
it wouldn’t take them very long to discover what they needed to know about
Earthlings. As a consequence, they would have already taken us over, destroyed
us, or revealed themselves clearly to humanity. The organization SETI (Search
For Extraterrestrial Intelligence) has
been scanning the skies for decades looking for intelligent life. But they have
never picked up even one signal from outer space that would indicate an alien
race exists. Those searching for ETs have said that if they did pick up even
one complex signal, it would prove that an intelligence must have produced it. But
why don’t they apply the same standard and employ the same thought process to
DNA? If they did, they would realize that the complex information in DNA proves
that an intelligence put it there. Because whenever you find complex
information, it is always traced back to a mind. For the best book refuting the
theory of evolution from all aspects of science, including the scientific
evidence of a world-wide global flood, see Dr. Walt Brown’s book, In the
Beginning.
Another
interesting DVD is called: Intelligent Design, Unlocking the Mystery of Life. For
another video that discusses Creation, see my video: Creation and Miracles,
Condensed Version. “For the invisible things of Him, from the creation of the
world, have been clearly seen – both His eternal power and divinity – being
understood by the things that have been made; so that they are inexcusable.” -
Romans 1:20
ซูเปอร์โนวา...ระเบิดล้างจักรวาล...
จงไปสู่อวกาศ จงไปสู่จักรวาล จงบดขยี้ดวงดารา และจงไปปกครองท้องฟ้าเอง
นี่คืออินโทรสู่มหาพลังแห่งอวกาศ สู่ซูเปอร์โนวา
จงบดขยี้ศัตรูแห่งข้า ให้สิ้น...
วันนี้จะมาหาพลังฟอร์ซในอวกาศ กับโคตรระเบิดทำลายดาว ซูเปอร์โนวา มหาระเบิดวินาศสันตะโร
นี่คือแสงจากโนวาของดาวดวงเดียว ที่เทียบกาแล็คซี่ได้เลย
ซูเปอร์โนวา (อังกฤษ: supernova) เป็นหนึ่งในเหตุการณ์ระเบิดที่มีพลังมากที่สุดที่รู้จัก นั่นคือเป็นการระเบิดของดาวฤกษ์มวลมากเมื่อสิ้นอายุขัยแล้ว จะเปล่งแสงสว่างมหาศาลและระเบิดออกรัศมีสว่างวาบเป็นรัศมีเพียงชั่วครู่ ก่อนจะเลือนจางลงในเวลาสัปดาห์หรือเดือนเท่านั้น
ซากของการระเบิดในเนบิวล่าปู
ระหว่างช่วงเวลาสั้นๆ ที่เกิดซูเปอร์โนวานี้ มันจะปลดปล่อยพลังงานมหาศาลขนาดเท่ากับพลังงานของดวงอาทิตย์ดวงหนึ่งสามารถปลดปล่อยได้ทั้งชีวิตทีเดียว การระเบิดจะขับไล่ดวงดาวและวัตถุต่างๆ ที่อยู่ใกล้ให้กระเด็นออกไปไกลด้วยความเร็ว 10% ของความเร็วแสง(30,000 กิโลเมตร/วินาที) และเกิดคลื่นกระแทกแผ่ออกไปโดยรอบตรงช่องว่างระหว่างดวงดาว การกระแทกนี้ได้กวาดเหล่าแก๊สและฝุ่นละอองออกไปอย่างรวดเร็ว เรียกปรากฏการณ์นี้ว่าการเกิดซากมหานวดารา
แต่ละประเภทของมหานวดารา ที่ยังปรากฏให้เห็นอยู่ แบ่งได้เป็น 2 ประเภท ซึ่งเกิดพลังงานที่เกิดจากนิวเคลียร์ฟิวชัน หลังจากแกนกลางของดาวมีอายุมวลมากเข้าสู่ความตาย และเริ่มสร้างพลังงานจากนิวเคลียร์ฟิวชัน อยู่ภายใต้แรงโน้มถ่วงที่จะนำไปสู่การยุบตัวของดวงดาว จนอาจกลายเป็นดาวนิวตรอนหรือไม่ก็หลุมดำ การปลดปล่อยพลังงานศักย์โน้มถ่วง ทำให้เกิดทั้งความร้อนและสาดผิวชั้นนอกของดวงดาวให้กระเด็นออกไป ในทางกลับกัน ดาวแคระขาวอาจสะสมเพิ่มพูนสสารจนเพียงพอจากดาวข้างเคียงกัน หรือที่เรียกว่าระบบดาวคู่ (binary star system) เป็นการเพิ่มอุณหภูมิแกนกลางจนกระทั่งเกิดฟิวชันถึงระดับของธาตุคาร์บอน แกนกลางของดาวฤกษ์ที่ร้อนระอุซึ่งอยู่ในสภาวะยุบตัวเนื่องจากมีมวลเกินค่าขีดจำกัดของจันทรเศกขาร (Chandrasekhar limit) ซึ่งมีค่าประมาณ 1.38 เท่าของดวงอาทิตย์ เกิดเป็นซูเปอร์โนวาประเภท T1 (Type I Supernovae) แต่ว่าดาวแคระขาวจะแตกต่างตรงที่มีการระเบิดที่เล็กกว่าโดยใช้เชื้อเพลิงจากไฮโดรเจนที่ผิวของมัน เรียกว่า โนวาดาวที่มีมวลน้อย (ประมาณไม่ถึงเก้าเท่าของดวงอาทิตย์) เช่นดวงอาทิตย์ของเรา จะวิวัฒน์ไปเป็นดาวแคระขาวโดยปราศจากการเกิดซูเปอร์โนวา..นั่นน่าเสียดายมาก
ประเภทของซูเปอร์โนวาที่เราคุ้นเคยที่สุดก็คือ ซูเปอร์โนวาประเภท T2 (Type II Supernovae) เกิดจากการสิ้นสุดวงจรชีวิตของดาวฤกษ์ เป็นการดับของดาวฤกษ์ที่มีขนาดยักษ์กว่าดวงอาทิตย์ของเรา โดยการระเบิดจะเกิดขึ้นอย่างรุนแรงและรวดเร็ว เมื่อเชื้อเพลิงนิวเคลียร์ในแกนกลางของดาวฤกษ์หมดลง แรงดันที่เกิดจากอิเล็กตรอนผลักกันก็จะหายไป ดาวฤกษ์จะยุบตัวลงเนื่องจากแรงโน้มถ่วงอะตอมธาตุในแกนกลางดาวฤกษ์บีบอัดตัวจนชนะแรงผลักจากประจุ อะตอมจึงแตกออกเหลือแต่นิวตรอนอัดตัวกันแน่นแทน เปลือกดาวชั้นนอกๆ ที่บีบอัดตามเข้ามาจะกระแทกกับแรงดันจากนิวตรอน จนกระดอนกลับและระเบิดกลายเป็นมหานวดารา วัสดุสารจากการระเบิดมหานวดาราจะเคลื่อนที่ด้วยความเร็วเกือบเท่าความเร็วแสง ที่ใจกลางของมหานวดาราจะมีก้อนนิวตรอนซึ่งจะเรียกว่า ดาวนิวตรอน (neutron star)
โดยเฉลี่ยแล้ว ซูเปอร์โนวาจะเกิดประมาณห้าสิบปีครั้งหนึ่งในดาราจักรที่มีขนาดเท่าๆ กับทางช้างเผือกของเรา มีบทบาทสำคัญกับการเพิ่มมวลให้กับมวลสารระหว่างดวงดาว นอกจากนั้น การแผ่กระจายของคลื่นกระแทกจากการระเบิดของมหานวดาราสามารถก่อให้เกิดดาวดวงใหม่ได้มากมาย
คำว่า “โนวา” มาจากภาษาลาติน แปลว่าใหม่ หมายถึงการเกิดใหม่ของดาวดวงใหม่ส่องแสงสว่างในท้องฟ้า ส่วนคำว่า “ซูเปอร์” จำแนกมหานวดาราออกจาก โนวา ธรรมดา ต่างกันที่ความสว่างที่สว่างกว่า ขนาดและทางกลที่ต่างกันด้วย คำว่ามหานวดาราใช้ครั้งแรกในหนังสือ Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary ตีพิมพ์เมื่อปี 1926
หลังจากการเผาใหม้ตัวเองอย่างรวดเร็วของดาวฤกษ์มหายักษ์ มันจะเกิดกระบวนการนิวเคลียร์ฟิวชั่นเป็นชั้นๆ อย่างรวดเร็ว
ทุกครั้งที่ทำการนิวเคลียร์ฟิวชั่น มันจะกลายเป็นธาตุที่ซับซ้อนขึ้น ไฮโดรเจนสู่ฮีเลียม ฮีเลียมสู่คาร์บอน คาร์บอนสู่นีออน นีออนสู่ออกซิเจน
ซิลิกอน ซิลิกอนสู่เหล็ก เมื่อเป็นเหล็กก็ไม่ต้องแปลงสภาพอีกต่อไป แต่มันจะสะสมพลังงาน เตรียมการทำลายล้าง....
ฟิวชันในระยะท้ายๆ ของดาวฤกษ์มวลมากเป็นการเกิดปฏิกิริยาฟิวชันที่มีความซับซ้อนมาก เมื่อธาตุใดที่แกนกลางหมดลง ดาวก็จะยุบตัวจนกว่าจะมีอุณหภูมิสูงมากพอที่จะจุดฟิวชันของธาตุหนักกว่าลำดับต่อไปได้ ชั้นเปลือกของฟิวชันของธาตุต่างๆ จึงเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่องจนดาวมีชั้นฟิวชันหลายสิบชั้นซ้อนกันดูคล้ายหัวหอม ในขณะที่อุณหภูมิที่แกนกลางของดาวเพิ่มขึ้นถึงระดับหลายพันเคลวิน ธาตุที่หนักขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ก็กำเนิดขึ้นในแกนกลาง จากคาร์บอน (6 โปรตอน) ออกซิเจน (6 โปรตอน) นีออน (10 โปรตอน).... เรื่อยไป
ดาวจะใช้เวลาเผาผลาญธาตุนั้นและเริ่มชั้นใหม่น้อยลงอย่างมาก ในชั้นท้ายๆ ดาวจะใช้เวลาเผาผลาญเชื้อเพลิงหมดไปภายในไม่กี่วันเท่านั้น ซึ่งนับว่าสั้นมากเมื่อเทียบกับอายุหลายล้านปีของดาว แล้วในที่สุดธาตุก็รวมกันจนเกิดเป็นขี้เถ้าธาตุเหล็กในแกนกลาง ซึ่งเป็นธาตุที่ไม่สามารถจุดฟิวชันเป็นธาตุที่หนักกว่าได้
ชั้นเปลือกที่อยู่เหนือแกนเหล็กขึ้นไปต่างปล่อยขี้เถ้าเหล็กลงมาทับถมที่แกนกลาง ทำให้น้ำหนักของแกนกลางเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างรวดเร็ว แกนเหล็กถูกบีบอัดที่ความดันสูงอย่างยิ่งยวดและความดันนี้ยังคงเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างต่อเนื่อง ในเวลานี้แกนยังคงรูปอยู่ได้เพราะแรงดันดีเจนเนอเรซีของอิเล็กตรอน แต่เมื่อความกดดันเพิ่มขึ้นจนถึงจุดวิกฤติ อิเล็กตรอนในแกนเหล็กจะไม่อาจทนได้อีกต่อไป จึงถูกอัดรวมเข้ากับโปรตอนเกิดเป็นนิวตรอน (Neutron) และอนุภาคนิวตริโน (Neutrino) การรวมตัวนี้ทำให้จำนวนอิเล็กตรอนในแกนกลางลดหายไปเกือบทั้งหมด ความดันดีเจนเนอเรซีของอิเล็กตรอนที่ประคับประคองแกนเหล็กไว้จึงหมดไปด้วย เมื่อไม่มีความดันดีเจนเนอเรซีคงรูปแกนไว้ แรงโน้มถ่วงจะอัดแกนกลางของดาวลงเป็นดาวนิวตรอนในชั่วพริบตา และในเสี้ยววินาทีน้นเอง พลังงานที่ถูกปลอปล่อยจากการยุบตัวของแกนที่หนาแน่นอย่างที่สุดจะระเบิดออกมาในทุกทิศทาง เปล่งแสงสว่างและพลังงานมากกว่าพี่ดาวได้ผลิตมาตลอดชั่วชีวิต ความร้อนและความดันอันมหาศาลจากการระเบิดทำให้เกิดธาตุหนัก เช่น ปรอท เงิน หรือ ทองคำขึ้นได้ การระเบิดนี้เรียกว่า มหานวดารา จะฉีกดาวทั้งดวงออกเป็นธุลีและสาดเศษส่วนของดาวออกไปในห้วงอวกาศด้วยความเร็วกว่า 10,000 กิโลเมตร/วินาที(บางโนวาอาจเร็วกว่า 30,000 กิโลเมตรต่อวินาที แต่ยังไม่เร็วเท่ารังสีแกมม่าที่ดวลสปีดกับแสงได้)
มหานวดาราจะทำลายดาวลงโดยสิ้นเชิง เหลือเพียงแต่ซากแกนกลางของดาว คือ ดาวนิวตรอน ซึ่งเป็นดาวที่มีความหนาแน่นสูงมากเพราะเต็มไปด้วยนิวตรอนอัดแน่น ดาวนิวตรอนมักมีขนาดประมาณ 20 – 30 กิโลเมตรเท่านั้น แต่ถึงกระนั้นก้มีมวลเทียบได้กับดวงอาทิตย์ของเรา นอกจากดาวนิวตรอนแล้ว รอบๆ มหานวดาราก็จะเต็มไปด้วยเศษซากของดาว เรียกว่า ซากมหานวดารา (Supernova Remnant เศษซูเปอร์โนวา) แล้วก็เป็นต้นกำเนิดของเนบิวลาด้วยเช่นกัน
กลุ่มเนบิวล่า รอบๆ ดาวหมาป่า (Wolf-Rayet starWR124) ที่ตั้งอยู่ในระยะห่างออกไป 21,000 ปีแสง มีดาวขนาดใหญ่มากมายในทางช้างเผือกที่สามารถเปลี่ยนเป็นมหานวดาราได้ภายในหนึ่งพันถึงหนึ่งร้อยล้านปีข้างหน้า รวมทั้ง Rho Cassiopeiae, Etha Carinae(ดวงนี้ก็น่าสนใจ) และ RS Ophiuchi, the Kitt Peak Downes star KPD1930+2752, HD 179821, IRC+10420, VY Canis Majoris, Betelgeuse(ดวงนี้ใกล้โลก้) Antares and Spica กลุ่มดาวหมาป่าหลายดวง เช่น Gamma Velorma , WR 104, และกลุ่ม Quintuplet ซึ่งสามารถทำนายได้ว่าจะเกิดมหานวดาราได้ในอนาคตข้างหน้า
ดาวที่มีโอกาสเป็นซูเปอร์ได้ในเร็วๆนี้ คือ IK Pegasi (HR 8210) ตั้งอยู่ห่างไป 150 ปีแสง ซึ่งประกอบด้วยกลุ่มดาวเรียงกันและดาวแคระขาว ห่างกันแค่ 31 ล้านกิโลเมตร โดยมีมวลเป็น 1.15 เท่าของดวงอาทิตย์ และต้องใช้เวลาหลายล้านปีก่อนที่จะกลายเป็นมหานวดาราประเภทที่ 1 ได้
ถ้าซูเปอร์โนวาเกิดในระยะ 26 ปีแสงจากโลก พลังงานของมันจะแผดเผาชั้นบรรยากาศของโลกจนไหม้เป็นจุณวิจุณไป และเปลื่ยนสมดุลไนโตรเจนบนโลกทั้งใบด้วยสุดยอดคลื่นรังสีแกมม่าที่น่ากลัว! นอกจากนั้นมันยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปรากฏการไฮเปอร์โนวา และแกมม่าเรย์เบิรส์ด้วย
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